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INTRODUCTION
Human trafficking is a highly-organized & profitable business, which has become a global threat to vulnerable men, women and children worldwide.
It is an injustice that affects millions of people on every continent no matter the gender, race, culture or socioeconomic status.
UNIVERSAL DESCRIPTION
“Trafficking in Persons (human trafficking) is defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation.”
(UN's Trafficking in Persons Protocol)
– Human Trafficking is the TRADE of HUMANS – People are Commodities / Products
HUMAN TRAFFICKING ELEMENTS
Three (3) elements are identified in the definition: ACT, MEANS & PURPOSE
ACT - WHAT TRAFFICKERS DO
ACT OF TRAFFICKING
Someone is guilty of being a trafficker, when they:
- Recruit or Obtain (find) victims
- Transport (transfer) victims
- Receive (take delivery) of victims
- Harbour (hide) victims
- Provide (give) victims
MEANS - HOW ARE VICTIMS ACQUIRED
KIDNAP
- Abducted
- Taken by Force
- Held Hostage
FORCE
THREAT
(You / Loved Ones)
- Violence
- Pain
- Death
- “Juju” / Witchcraft
- Blackmailed
PRESSURE
- Position of Power or Authority (e.g. Guardian / Parent / Pastor / Community Leader / Teacher)
- Family Obligations
- Culture / Tradition
- Payment
- Boyfriend / Girlfriend
- Drugs / Alcohol
DECEIVE
(Recruited / Invited / Tricked)
- False Promises
- Work Opportunity
- Modelling / Sport / Talent
- “Good Life”
- Social Media
- Internet
PURPOSE - WHAT HAPPENS TO VICTIMS
SEXUAL ACTS
- Sell your body (Prostitution)
- Slave for someone
- Videos / Photos
FORCED LABOUR
- Long Hours
- No / Little Pay
- No / Few Breaks
- Unsafe
- No Education
ORGAN TRAFFICKING
- Sell part of your body (e.g. Kidney)
- Kills you for organs
- “Muti” Killings
DEBT BONDAGE
- Same as Forced Labour – but you work to pay off a debt
MARRIAGE
- Child Marriages
- “Ukuthwala”
- Forced Marriages
FORCED ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES
- Forced to do something illegal
(Murder / Steal / Kidnap etc.)
RITUALS
- Your body / organs used in rituals
FORCED BEGGING
- Forced to beg for money, but someone else takes all the money
SOLDIERS (WAR)
- Fight a War
- Spies
- Suicide Bombers
- Work
- Sex Slaves
BABY FARMS
- Sell Babies
SNUFF MOVIES
(Snugg / Splatter Movies)
- Actual Killing of someone recorded & sold
BACHA BAZI
- “Boy Play”
(Middle Eastern Countries)
VICTIMS
Victims are people that are trapped as commodities (products) in human trafficking – they are sold / rented out / used / exploited / abused / killed etc. They become someone’s property. Happens against their will.
Who can become victims?
Victims can be …
- male or female;
- from different cultures or backgrounds;
- be any age;
- from any demographic area;
- rich or poor; etc.
Basically anyone can be a victim.
The following are more susceptible
- Vulnerable & Desperate – those that are easy to target due to circumstances / personality / age
- Poor
- Low Self-Esteem
- Fit a certain “look” – as requested by buyers
- War Casualties
- Acts-of-God areas (e.g. Earthquake / Tsunami); etc
TRAFFICKERS
Traffickers lure and ensnare people into forced labour and sex trafficking by manipulating and exploiting their vulnerabilities. Basically, they use others for profit.
Traffickers can be lone individuals or part of an extensive criminal network.
They are also the link between the victims & the buyers (supplying demand).
Anyone can be a trafficker!
- Known – Family / Relative / Neighbour / Friend / Boyfriend or Girlfriend / Teachers / etc.
- Unknown – Strangers / Agents
How do they ACT?
- Charming, Trustworthy, Familiar
(False sense of security) - Greedy, Evil, Unfeeling
A trafficker can sometimes also be a trafficking victim…
The '5 disguises' used by human traffickers
“Disguises" that a person looking to exploit someone may take on to gain trust.
- 1 - Pretender - Someone who pretends to be something s/he is not, such as a boyfriend, a big sister, a father, etc.
- 2 - Provider - Someone who offers to take care of an individual's needs, such as for clothes, food, a place to live, etc. or their wants, like cool cell phones, purses, parties, etc.
- 3 - Promiser - Someone who promises access to great things, like an amazing job, a glamorous lifestyle, travel, etc.
- 4 - Protector - Someone who uses physical power or intimidation to protect (but also control) an individual.
- 5 - Punisher - Someone who uses violence and threats to control an individual. When the previous disguises have been exhausted, an exploitative person often becomes a Punisher to maintain control.
Provided by iEmpathize, a non-profit that combats crimes against children, with a focus on prevention.
Traffickers often exhibit the following characteristics
- Jealous, controlling & violent
- Encourages inappropriate sexual behaviour
- Promise things that seem too good to be true
- Encourage victims to engage in illegal activities to achieve their goals and dreams
- Buys expensive gifts or owns expensive items
- Is vague about his/her profession
- Pushy or demanding about sex
- Makes the victim feel responsible for
his/her financial stability.
Very open about financial matters. - Usually older
BUYERS
Buyers either buy/rent the services of a trafficked victim or they buy products made by/through human slaves.
Due to the high cost of producing any product, many make use of cheap labour to increase their profit margin. Consumers are not always aware that they are acquiring products that have been made through slaves.
(e.g. Batteries / Chocolates / Coffee / Cell phones)
Consumers create the demand.
We have all been buyers!
Look for the FAIR TRADE logo on products - NO SLAVES were part of the production of the product!
STATISTICS
Numerous NGOs and governmental agencies produce estimates and specific statistics on the numbers of potential and actual victims of trafficking.
But the statistics are not always based on facts and may in some instances be guesses.
As such, below are a few world-wide facts about human trafficking:
- The Fastest Growing Crime in the world
- Second Biggest Crime (1 = Drugs & 3 = Weapons)
- The income is in the billions (dollar)
- 45 million+ slaves worldwide
- Most victims are women / children – but men can also be victims (E.g. forced labour)
- Few victims get saved